Records made by John Burrows

Slender climber.

Climber to 2 m, flowers pink; in degraded coastal forest on sands.

1.2 m tall evergreen shrub, in mixed coastal woodland on sandy clays. Fruit pink above. Occasional., Occurrence: occasional

Occasional

Giant pachycaul to 15 m tall, growing in a small grove of ca. 8 baobabs, in a cultivated field on sandy soils, area of semi-deciduous coastal woodland/thicket. Flowers pure white, petals like plastic.

Locally common

Locally frequent

Locally frequent

Locally common ground fern in shade of gallery forest (also in Androstachys woodland on gorge lip) in limestone gorge. Fronds proliferous.

Tree (?deciduous) to 5 m high, growing amongst gneiss rocks in seasonally-dry mixed deciduous woodland., Occurrence: scarce

Spreading low tree to 7 m tall on granite outcrop in miombo woodland.

Small tree (regenerated) to 6 m tall, in coastal dune thicket near lakes. Fls dusky pink to greenish. Occasional

Wide-spreading tree to 10 m tall, bark pale grey, flaking in irregular plates; in coastal woodland on sandy soils; occasional.

Tree to 6 m tall in open deciduous coastal woodland on clay-sands. Fruit immature, pinkish. Occasional

Large tree to 18 m tall with spreading crown; bark grey, rough; flowers pale yellow. Occasional, in open woodland/thicket mosaic on sandy soils.

Erect conifer-like herb growing on muddy margins of dam on granite-derived sands.

Robust climber, growing over thatched roof of a dwelling. Fruit; glossy blackish, fleshy-x000D- Species name variation on plant label - A. africana (Lour.) Merr.

Locally frequent

Fern with few fronds from a long-creeping stolon-like rhizome, in sands among mossy limestone rocks in deep limestone gorge in gallery forest. Occasional.

Many-stemmed shrubby geosuff from a woody rootstock; scattered in open Protea-miombo woodland on grey sandy loams.

Herb growing in moist dune slacks in coastal grassland near coastal lakes. Flowers purple.

Shrubby small tree to 6 m tall, forming colonies along drainage line in Berlinia orientalis woodland on low escarpment.

Erect shrub to 1 m tall in degraded deciduous mixed woodland on sandy soils, in full sun, roots terete, lacking tubers, , Occurrence: occasional

Climber to 2.5 m tall, in degraded grassy woodland.

As Asparagus cooperi in BNRH. Erect (when in As Asparagus cooperi in BNRH.Garcinia-dominated coastal grassland) to scrambling or climbing to 2.5 m tall (in dune scrub), on old dunes; locally frquent, some bushes just starting to flower.-x000D- -x000D- Flowers in pickle.

As Asparagus cooperi in BNRH. Erect shrub to 1 m tall, in clearing in arid low-altitude riverine vegetation on alluvial loams. Only one population seen.

As Asparagus cooperi in BNRH. Shrub in wooded grassland on sands. No tubers.-x000D- Spirit material. , Occurrence: locally frequent

As Asparagus cooperi in BNRH. Shrub, needing support, in open Hyphaene-Strychnos-Terminalia coastal veld, soils very sandy. Locally frequent. Flowers with scent of vanilla, anthers yellow.-x000D- DNA material given to Maria Norup, Copenhagen University, October 2006.-x000D- Spirit material:

As Asparagus cooperi in BNRH. Scrambler to 5 m high, on small termite hill in open mixed mopane woodland on blackish soils., Occurrence: scarce

As Asparagus cooperi in BNRH. Robust multi-stemmed climber to ca. 6 m high, in Acacia/Combretum woodland.-x000D- DNA material sent to Maria Norup, Copenhagen University, 2007.-x000D- Spirit material: flw.

As Asparagus cooperi in BNRH. Straggly shrub to 1.5 m high in degraded/logged forest-woodland mosaic.-x000D- Spirit material: fr. , Occurrence: rare

As Asparagus cooperi in BNRH. Straggly shrub to 1m tall, in mixed short thicket on sands.

As Asparagus cooperi in BNRH. In short mixed thicket on deep sands.-x000D- Spirit material: flw.

As Asparagus cooperi in BNRH. Straggly shrub to 1m in degraded woodland / thicket on sands.-x000D- Spirit material: flw and fr.

As Asparagus cooperi in BNRH. Erect shrub to 1.5 m high, new growth, growing in full sun in occasionally-cut grassy 'square' in Mueda town.

As Asparagus cooperi in BNRH. Climber on termite mound in miombo woodland. Scarce.

As Asparagus cooperi in BNRH. Shrublet, fruit orange; occasional in mopane woodland on gravelly clay soils at base of hill.

As Asparagus cooperi in BNRH. Heavily overgrazed shrublet on Acacia flats.

As Asparagus cooperi in BNRH. Low (due to grazing) multistemmed shrublet ca. 400 mm high and 1.5 m across; in degraded dry deciduous mixed woodland.

As Asparagus multiflorus in BNRH. Locally common very As Asparagus multiflorus in BNRH. Large tangled bushes, self-tangling or climbing on other shrubs, to 2 m high and 4 m across, confined to the margins of salt flats. Fruit blue-green. -x000D- DNA material sent to Maria Norup, Copenhagen University, 2007.-x000D- Spirit materia

As Asparagus multiflorus in BNRH. Many-stemmed shrub to 1.8 m tall, free-standing or scrambling in thicket on estuarine flats.-x000D- DNA material sent to Catherine Wiegand, Kansas University, 2005.-x000D- DNA material given to Maria Norup, Copenhagen University, October 2006.-x000D- Spirit material:

As Asparagus multiflorus in BNRH. Extremely robust scrambler to 10 m high, smothering trees and shrubs in Acacia/Diospyros/Adansonia woodland on saline flats; locally common. Ripe fruit orange.

As Asparagus shirensis in BNRH. Erect multi-stemmed free-standing shrub to 1.2m tall, in mixed miombo woodland.

As Asparagus shirensis in BNRH.Rounded tangles shrub to 1 m high, in seasonally wet/waterlogged wooded grassland. Local. -x000D- -x000D- Same population as Burrows & Burrows 9974, collected 8/3/2007. , Occurrence: occasional

Climber, bloom on new purple stems; tubers in-line. Occasional. Growing in tree clumps on sands in wooded coastal grassland. Plant in cultivated collection., Occurrence: occasional

Scrambling / climbing shrub in low mixed thicket on deep coastal sands.

Climber, deciduous, on rocky gneiss outcrop in miombo woodland.-x000D- DNA material sent to Catherine Wiegand, Kansas University, 2005.

Lanky shrub to 0.7 m tall, in old chopped forest edge in montane grassland/scrub/forest mosaic on rocky mountain hillside in mist belt. One specimen on summit in felled pine plantation (2074 m); also lanky but both with ribbed stems.-x000D- , Occurrence: s

Multi-stemmed shrub to 1 m tall; occasional in rocky montane grassland.

Erect shrublet to 0.5 m; in long grass in open Acacia woodland; occasional.

Climbing shrublet to 2.5 m high; growing on rocky (granite) outcrop in mixed deciduous woodland.

Shrub to 750 mm tall; in full sun on gravelly soils in open degraded deciduous mixed mopane woodland.

In bushveld.

In bushveld on rocky slopes.

Spiny shrub to 1 m tall, in stunted mopane woodland on shallow sandy soils over conglomerate sandstones.

Shrub to 0.7 m high, fruit a red berry; occasional in arid mixed Acacia-Grewia-Boscia-Adansonia woodland on gravelly hillock, growing in association with Asparagus exuvialis.

Sparse erect shrublet 60 cm high, in sparse grasses on margin of termite-mound bush-clump, in open Acacia woodland.

Climber to 2 m in coastal thicket dominated by Terminalia sambesiaca, on sands. Stem and spines purplish., Occurrence: occasional

Small climber to ca. 1 m high, not as large as A. buchananii, both branches and cladodes droop., Occurrence: occasional

Partly climbing shrub forming dense clumps in shade of trees or bush clumps in coastal vegetation on littoral sands.

Scrambling shrub to 1m tall, on old termitaria in miombo woodland on sublittoral sands.

Scrambling shrub to 1m tall, on old termitaria in miombo woodland on sublittoral sands.-x000D- DNA material given to Maria Norup, Copenhagen University, October 2006.

Straggly shrub to 1m tall, in mixed deciduous woodland on sandy soils.-x000D- Spirit material.

Shrublet in woodland, erect to 1 m tall.

Scrambling shrub to 1.5 m high, in coastal thicket/bush on sandy soils.

Climber to 2.5 m high, on termite mound in miombo woodland.

Climber to 2.5 m tall; on rocky conglomerate sandstone ridge in mixed Brachystegia torrei/Androstachys woodland.

Erect shrub to 1 m with arching or trailing branches; flowers profuse, white, sweetly-scented; in miombo woodland.

Scrambling shrub to 1 m tall; occasional on sandy-clay soils in Brachystegia spiciformis, B. utilis, B. boehmii miombo woodland.

Weakly scrambling shrub to 1 m tall, in miombo woodland.

Spiny deciduous scrambling shrublet to 1 m tall, in mixed deciduous woodland over limestones. Occasional.

Straggly deciduous shrub to 1 m high with arching stems, flowers with maroon anthers, apricot-scented; occasional in rocky grassland over limestones.

Scrambling shrub to 2 m high, young stems puple-maroon with a pale bloom; on sandy soils in degraded (old lands) mixed semi-deciduous woodland.

Delicate scrambler to 800 mm tall in dune forest, all branches and branchlets flattened in to one plane. Occasional.

Small shrublet to 0.5 m tall, growing on roadside in sandy granite-derived soils in severely degraded woodland. Branches horizontal, all in one plane, cladodes distinctly glaucous.

Growing on lower slopes of large termitarium dominated by Diospyros mespiliformis and other large trees, in shade. Surrounding area disturbed by gravel pit. Occasional.-x000D- DNA material sent to Maria Norup, Copenhagen University, 2007.-x000D- Spirit material:

Climber in evergreen forest patch.

Slender climber / twiner in dry coastal forest. Scarce. Branches horizontal.-x000D- DNA material given to Maria Norup, Copenhagen University, October 2006.-x000D- PRE: det. as A. plumosus.

In small forest patch on sands.

Slender scrambler in evergreen coastal forest.

Climber in degraded grassland on red loams.

Slender climber to 1.5 m in high-altitude forest.

Slender climber in understorey of mid-altitude forest.

Scrambler in understorey of montane mist forest, on E-aspect mountain slopes. Very robust, branches & branchlets horizontal, scrambling to 2-3 m. Spines on lower stem large for typical A. setaceus., Occurrence: occasional

Small scrambler to 1.5 m high in undergrowth of lowland evergreen forest on sands, locally frequent., Occurrence: locally common

Delicate lacy shrublet to 500 mm tall, somewhat scrambling; occasional in understorey of ravine forest, and on ecotone of forest and Brachystegia spiciformis woodland, on E-aspect mountain slopes. Whole plant distinctly glaucous.

In shade of montane forest margins; fruit black, flowers creamy.

Delicate shrublet to 750 mm high in shade of tall mixed miombo escarpment woodland, N-aspect, on sandy soils.

Delicate herb in forest in limestone gorge.

Erect shrublet to 80 cm tall, flowers white, very sweetly-scented; in bushclump in termitaria in deciduous woodland on sands ('sand forest').

In shade of Diospyros loureiriana; in mixed semi-deciduous coastal plain woodland on reddish sandy soils.-x000D-

In coastal forest.

Grass-like shrublet to 0.5 m tall growing in lee of Pterocarpus lucens in open arid low-altitude woodland dominated by Combretum spp., almost leafless (cladode-less).

Soft shrublet under bush clump in coastal grassland on sands.

Erect shrublet to 0.5 m tall, in low Acacia scrub/woodland on clay flats. Occasional., Occurrence: occasional

Rare.

Small tree to 5 m tall, bark very rough & corky, all parts pale grey, fruit with conspicuous horizontal creases; spines absent or few on sucker growth, simple or weakly bifurcate; in low mixed miombo/Uapaca woodland; occasional.

Shrubby small tree to 1.5 m, multi-stemmed from frequent burning; in open grassland- woodland mosaic on sands; locally common.

Small plant ca. 40-50 cm high, growing in coastal woodland on sandy soils. Flowers mauve.

Small spreading tree to 4 m tall with rather gnarled branches and rough bark, in mixed miombo woodland on granite derived sandy soils. Occasional.

Small woody shrublet 50-70 cm high, leaves greyish velvety, flowers white; scattered in clearings in Licuati Thicket on sands.

Shrub with long pendulous branches in rocky outcrop in degraded mixed miombo woodland on granite.

Small tree to 5m tall, in short mixed thicket on coastal sands. Occasional. Flowers cream-yellow., Occurrence: occasional

Erect small tree to 3 m tall, flowers white to cream; occasional in coastal woodland on sands.

Medium to large deciduous tree to 15 m tall, a major component of miombo woodland, bark rough dark brown, vertically fissured.

Small tree with somewhat spreading crown and rough dark grey bark; locally frequent in seasonally wet grassland in low-lying drainage zone in miombo woodland; trees more stunted than when growing in well-drained areas.

Tall tree to 20 m, with somewhat spreading crown, bark dark grey, rough, vertically fissured

Medium to large deciduous tree to 15 m tall, a major component of miombo woodland, bark rough dark brown, vertically fissured.

Small tree with somewhat spreading crown and rough dark grey bark; locally frequent in seasonally wet grassland in low-lying drainage zone in miombo woodland; trees more stunted than when growing in well-drained areas.

Tall tree to 20 m, with somewhat spreading crown, bark dark grey, rough, vertically fissured; scattered in wooded grassland.

Red velvet growth tip

Slender geophyte in deep sandy soils; in Licuati surrounds in open wooded coastal grassland on bare sands.

Spiny tall shrub to 3m, in thicket on sands near coastal lake. Flowers creamish-white.

Scrambling shrub to 2 m tall in coastal scrub on sands.

Spiny small tree to 5 m high, in coastal thicket on sands, occasional., Occurrence: occasional

Spiky shrub to 2 m tall. In mixed deciduous coastal woodland on sandy soils. Dominant woody species: Strychnos madagascariensis, Phellocalyx vollesenii, Olax dissitiflora, Pteleopsis myrtifolia, Xylotheca tettensis, Micklethwaitia carvalhoi, Diospyro

Spiny rather spreading deciduous shrub to 2.5 m high, on rocky granite koppie in mixed deciduous woodland.

Spiny shrub to 3 m tall in woodland.

Small straggly tree to 4 m tall; sterile; bark grey, thinly flaking in longitudinal strips, stem fluted; growing in light shade of tall woodland-forest mosaic dominated by Millettia stuhlmannii, Sterculia quinqueloba, S. appendiculata, Kirkia acumina

Rounded spiny shrub to 1.5 m high, 2 m across, fruit ellipsoid, deep pinky-red when ripe, flowers white, scented; only one plant seen, in mixed Brachystegia torrei coastal plain woodland on reddish sandy soils.-x000D-

On coastal dunes in scrub.-x000D-

Shrub or treelet to 2 m tall; fls white with a sweet, spicy scent. Growing in mixed mopane woodland in light shade., Occurrence: locally frequent

Tree to 7 m tall; in woodland/sand forest mosaic; scarce, sterile.

Tree to 3 m tall, on granite outcrop ('ruwari'), in mixed miombo woodland.

String-like parasite in trees in dune scrub-forest.

Shrub to 3 m tall. -x000D- -x000D- Collected by Ernst Schmidt.

Erect spiny shrub to 1.5 m, forming large colonies on sandy soils over granite.

Spiny hard shrub to 1.5m tall, in mixed short thicket on deep sands. Flowers white.

Shrub to 2m tall in coastal woodland/thicket mosaic. No spines except a few on stem. No scent to flowers. Flowers white.

Chopped woody shrub (juvenile foliage) in degraded mixed coastal woodland/thicket mosaic on old dunes.

Small slender tree to 4 m tall, in gallery forest in deep limestone gorge. Scarce.

Large tree to 12 m tall, with spreading crown and rather drooping branches, in degraded coastal forest on sands. Only one specimen seen.

Submerged aquatic in Ficus trichopoda swamp forest, with Pistia stratiotes

In backwater of main river, submerged aquatic, growing with Pistia, Salvinia, Azolla spp. and Eichornia crassipes.

Locally frequent herb in margins of pools and channels in rice paddies.-x000D- -x000D- PRE: Ceratopteris thalictroides

Small tree to 3 m tall in riparian forest in limestone gorge.

Stems; grey, 4-angled, with angle margins crinkly undulate. Scrambling in coastal thicket.

Succulent climber to 2 m haigh, with fleshy leaves; stems laterally flattened, dorsi-ventrally narrow. Occasional.

Locally frequent succulent climber in dry mixed deciduous woodland over limestone. Often leafless.

UJ DNA No. UJ09280

UJ DNA No. UJ09298

Small tree to 3 m tall, in dense sand thicket. -x000D- -x000D- Collected by E. Schmidt.

Shrub to 2 m or more; frequent in rocky granite areas near river in area of high-rainfall miombo woodland dominated by Brachystegia microphylla and B. boehmii.

Medium trees 8-10 m tall, forming pure stands on low-lying clay flats in open deciduous woodland. Locally frequent.

Multi-stemmed tree on granite hill., Occurrence: occasional

Clump-forming geosuff ca. 30 cm high, from a woody rootstock, branches low-spreading, leaves grey-green, flowers bright red. Very localized in totally degraded treeless region, heavily grazed, probably once miombo woodland.

Small-flowered bushy herb with erect wiry maroon stems ca. 20 cm high. Leaves lanceolate-acuminate, slightly recurved and folded. One population seen in the shade of a huge spreading Albizia adianthifolia, on sandy soils in a clearing in Licuati Thic

Blue flowers. In light shade of coastal woodland in woodland /thicket mosaic on sands.

As Commelina erecta livingstonii in BNRH. A sub-erect herb with glabrous leaves with lighter coloured midrib. Spathes and leaf sheaths hispid. Spathes terminally clustered, producing ink-blue-flowers. Locally common in open short grassy area, occasionally mown.

As Commelina erecta livingstonii in BNRH. A sub-erect herb with glabrous leaves with lighter coloured midrib. Spathes and leaf sheaths hispid. Spathes terminally clustered, producing ink-blue flowers. Locally common in clearing in evergreen forest on coastal plain, on gentle slope.

A creeping herb with erect flowering stems. Scabrid, light green leaves. Locally common in open short grassy area, occasionally mown.

Prostrate herb with a distinctive maroon line edging the spathes. Quite common in full sun on the grassy verges of the road traversing saline tidal flats.

Robust herb froming colonies, with large leaves flushed through with purple-pink, apparently sterile; growing in shade of forest patch in high-rainfall woodland on sandy soils.

Tree to 6 m tall, spines absent, bark smoothish mottled grey-white and light brown, thinly peeling to a dark green underbark. In coastal woodland on sands.

Young fruit present

Small evergreen tree in dune scrub/thicket on sands. Rare.

Deciduous, sprawling, large shrub in mixed woodland/thicket on sandy soils.-x000D- Sheet 1 of 2.

Rather straggly (?deciduous) tree to 6 m tall, on rocky hillside in dry mixed deciduous woodland; bark roughish, dark brown.

Several-stemmed tree or large shrub to 3.5 m high; bark roughish; in dense mixed woodland or thicket on alluvial soils on flats. Fruit orange when ripe.

Rounded shrub or small shrubby tree to 2.5 m high, sterile; occasional in scrub in riverine woodland on alluvial soils.

Spreading several-stemmed tree 5-6 m tall and ca. 8 m across, bark roughly fissured, dark grey; fruit orange when ripe; occasional in arid open mixed deciduous woodland.

Small tree to 4 m tall with several stems (regrowth?); in open deciduous woodland on alluvial soils on valley flats of Zambezi River. Occasional.

Perennial herb growing in deep white sands among sparse grasses on low dune of inland lake in coastal grassland. Flowers white.

Geophyte in sandy soils, seasonally wet, in hygrophilous grassland. Occasional. No specimen collected., Occurrence: occasional

Tree to 8 m tall in woodland. Flowers pale pink.

Tree to 8 m tall in woodland. Flowers pale pink.

Tree to 5 m tall in miombo woodland on sandy soil.

Semi-deciduous tree to 9 m tall, bark grey, roughly flaking; occasional in mixed deciduous coastal woodland on sands.

Deciduous tree 6-9 m tall, in dense closed mixed woodland on sandy soils. Flowers cream.

Much branched rounded shrub 1.5 m tall; flowers yellow streaked with maroon; growing in sandy soils on roadside in area cultivated from tobacco and maize; general area miombo woodland .

Small, deciduous tree to 4 m tall..

Locally common shrub 1-2 m tall. On outer margins of dry coastal sand forest dominated by Guibourtia schliebenii, the understorey dominated by Memecylon spp., Warneckea spp. and Strychnos spp.

Shrublet to 1.2 m high, growing in high light areas in Licuati Thicket on sands; common. Flowers white.

Low-growing/semi-prostrate herb in light shade on outer margins of termite mound forest, in miombo woodland. Locally frequent.

Fronds to 2m tall, forming large clumps, locally frequent.

Erect herb to 1 m tall, flowers pure white; in open grassy areas, sometimes hygrophilous, on white sandy soils in deciduous coastal woodland.

UJ DNA No. UJ09288

In light shade of woodland in deciduous thicket-woodland mosaic on sandy soils; occasional. Stem crown distinctly white.

Prostrate herb with long creeping stems and leaves appressed to the ground, flowers light mauve-pink, held erect. Locally frequent in disturbed areas along road and cultivated areas, on coastal sands.

Spreading shrubby multi-stemmed tree to 4 m high, in secondary scrub on sandy soils near coast. Locally occasional.

Robust climber (not a liane) to 15m tall, with numerous leafless hanging stems / roots. In evergreen forest on sands. Bulbils c. 20mm.

Climber in degraded woodland.

Slender twiner/climber to 2 m high, in tall Brachystegia woodland on sands. Occasional. Growing near to Burrows & Burrows 11091. [Male & female]

Climber to 2 m high, in small shrub in dappled shade of tall high-rainfall woodland on sandy loams; in logging concession.

Bark; dark-grey, rough.

Evergreen tree to 7 m tall, with rounded crown and rough dark grey bark, fruit yellowish-brown, fleshy. In mixed deciduous woodland on gravelly soils. Occasional, scattered., Occurrence: occasional

Tree to 6 m tall, bark rough dark grey, flowers cream; in degraded mixed deciduous woodland on stony hillsides.

Shrub or small tree to 4 m tall, sterile, on margins of bush clumps in grassland-woodland mosaic, in old farming area.

Shrub to 2 m high; on termite mound in heavily degraded miombo woodland.

Semi-deciduous shrub to 1.5 m tall, in degraded partly cultivated areas in mixed woodland on sands., Occurrence: occasional

Small tree to 2.5 m tall; occasional on outer ecotone of miombo woodland and gallery forest along fast-flowing river, on island, forest dominated by Newtonia buchananii, Breonardia salicina, Syzygium cordatum, Erythrophleum suaveolens and Pandanus li

Evergreen tree to 6 m tall in coastal woodland/thicket mosaic, on sands; occasional.

Tree to 6 m tall in dry scrub on edge of limestone cliffs.

In mixed miombo woodland on sandy soils in area of granite hills. Collected by Ernst Schmidt.

Tree to 4 m tall. In mixed deciduous coastal woodland on sandy soils. Dominant woody species: Strychnos madagascariensis, Phellocalyx vollesenii, Olax dissitiflora, Pteleopsis myrtifolia, Xylotheca tettensis, Micklethwaitia carvalhoi, Diospyros loure

Tree to 6 m tall, growing on termite mound, in miombo woodland; occasional.

Small tree to 6 m tall, in miombo woodland.

Small (?deciduous) tree to 3 m tall, in bushclump on gneiss outcrop in deciduous coastal woodland.-x000D- -x000D- Flowers in bud at time of collection; opened overnight, pressed next day.

Evergreen erect shrub to 2 m tall, in rank vegetation on edge of evergreen forest in mist belt. Fls purple., Occurrence: occasional

Straggly shrub to 1.5 m; flowers yellow-orange; in shade of thicket patch under Colophospermum mopane woodland. Uncommon.

Erect deciduous pyrophyte to 60 cm high, leafless, flowers purple, pods held suberect; common in Julbernardia paniclulata miombo woodland on grey sandy loams.

Growing on margin of a clear pool in peat bog; in an extensive coastal wetland.

Straggly shrub on termitaria in coastal woodland. Flowers, pale-mauve, showy.-x000D- -x000D- Sheet 1 of 2.

Straggly shrub to 2.5 m in mixed woodland on coastal plain, fls. whitish., Occurrence: occasional

2 m high few-stemmed shrub or small tree; in mixed semi-deciduous coastal plain woodland on reddish sandy soils.-x000D-

Straggly small tree to 3 m tall, in low Acacia scrub/woodland on clay flats. Occasional., Occurrence: occasional

In thicket on sands.-x000D- -x000D- Photo. of specimen on sheet. Physical specimen with PRE., Occurrence: scarce

Tree to 10 m tall in small forest clump.

Large tree to 20 m tall, component of gallery forest in deep limestone gorge.

Geoxylic suffrutex with long woody rhizomes, forming colonies in open grassy areas in degraded (chopped) mixed coastal woodland/thicket mosaic on old dunes.

Small multi-stemmed shrub to 1 m tall, in mixed deciduous woodland on sandy soils over granite, in light shade. Ripe fruit black, glossy. Occasional to frequent locally.

Small slender tree or shrub to 3m in sand forest.

Shrub to 2 m tall, in coastal woodland/mosaic on sands. Fruit blackish.

Multi-stemmed shrub 1-1.5 m high; occasional in woodland-thicket mosaic on sands, dominated by Guibourtia conjugata and Pteleopsis myrtifolia

Deciduous shrub 1-1.5 m tall; ripe fruit black; locally frequent on sandy soils in understorey of deciduous sand forest dominated by Brachystegia torrei

Shrub to 1 m tall; fruit black when ripe; occasional in light shade of tall woodland-forest mosaic dominated by Millettia stuhlmannii, Sterculia quinqueloba, S. appendiculata, Kirkia acuminata, Pterocarpus angolensis and Acacia nigrescens

Sparse shrub to 2 m tall, in riverine woodland on granites; ripe fruit black.

Woody shrub to 2.5 m tall; flowers white, very sweetly scented; occasional to scarce in dense thicket (Licuati Thicket) on sands.

Shrub to 1.5m in Brachystegia-Carpodiptera woodland on deep sands.

Small bushy shrub 2.5 m tall; fruit turning dark purple when ripe. In mixed deciduous woodland, in sandy soils.